Refactor: Do not silently ignore errors in stats_projection

[alamb]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Related to Column::bounds_check goes into error path from ProjectionExpr::partition_statistics() #17122
• follow on to Pass the input schema to stats_projection for ProjectionExpr #17123

Rationale for this change

@hareshkh tracked down a performance issue in the stats projection code where we were silently ignoring errors when evaluating the stats projection. This both

1. Silently masked a real bug (fixed in Pass the input schema to stats_projection for ProjectionExpr #17123)
2. Caused a performance issue (each DataFusion error allocates a String)

Let's not ignore errors silently, but instead return them to the caller.

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Return errors rather than ignoring them

Are these changes tested?

Yes, by existing CI tests

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

[alamb]

Many tests fail if we do not also include the fix in

• Pass the input schema to stats_projection for ProjectionExpr #17123 ✅

[alamb]

Thank you for the review @xudong963