[Doc][Python] Simplify doctests in tables.pxi and types.pxi

[tadeja]

a) Change tables.pxi and types.pxi doctests to pandas 3 specific output as CI conda-python-docs got updated from using both pandas 2.3.3 and 3 to only pandas 3 - #49088 (comment)
b) Simplify doctests - replace pa.Table.from_arrays([...], names=[...]) with pa.table({...}) as suggested by @jorisvandenbossche in #48969

Component(s)

Documentation, Python