[Dev] Update labeler workflow to use new component language labels

[raulcd]

Describe the enhancement requested

As discussed: #14731 (comment)
Update labeler to use new labels format for components like: Component: python

Component(s)

Developer Tools

[jorisvandenbossche]

Something else related to labels: for some languages we have duplicate labels, eg "lang: js" (which will be renamed to "Component: JavaScript"), but also "javascript" (https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues?q=label%3Ajavascript+is%3Aclosed+). It seems that label is automatically used by dependabot.
Is that something we could configure to use different labels? (to deduplicate this) I don't directly find any dependabot configuration.

[raulcd]

Is that something we could configure to use different labels? (to deduplicate this) I don't directly find any dependabot configuration.

we don't have specific configuration for dependabot, we seem to be using the defaults. We can change the labels if we add our own config based on this:
https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file#labels

[raulcd]

I've created a specific issue to track the improvement to remove duplicated labels and add dependabot custom config. Closing this issue as the associated PR has been merged.