1256 update min and latest Ubuntu version

[HenrZu]

Changes and Information

Please briefly list the changes (main added features, changed items, or corrected bugs) made:

• Since Ubuntu 20.04 was retired, we had to update our min versions for the CI.
• Now: Min: 22.04/ latest 24.04
• update Compiler (GCC, Clang) versions

If need be, add additional information and what the reviewer should look out for in particular:

Merge Request - Guideline Checklist

Please check our git workflow. Use the draft feature if the Pull Request is not yet ready to review.

Checks by code author

• Every addressed issue is linked (use the "Closes #ISSUE" keyword below)
• New code adheres to coding guidelines
• No large data files have been added (files should in sum not exceed 100 KB, avoid PDFs, Word docs, etc.)
• Tests are added for new functionality and a local test run was successful (with and without OpenMP)
• Appropriate documentation for new functionality has been added (Doxygen in the code and Markdown files if necessary)
• Proper attention to licenses, especially no new third-party software with conflicting license has been added
• (For ABM development) Checked benchmark results and ran and posted a local test above from before and after development to ensure performance is monitored.

Checks by code reviewer(s)

• Corresponding issue(s) is/are linked and addressed
• Code is clean of development artifacts (no deactivated or commented code lines, no debugging printouts, etc.)
• Appropriate unit tests have been added, CI passes, code coverage and performance is acceptable (did not decrease)
• No large data files added in the whole history of commits(files should in sum not exceed 100 KB, avoid PDFs, Word docs, etc.)
• On merge, add 2-5 lines with the changes (main added features, changed items, or corrected bugs) to the merge-commit-message. This can be taken from the briefly-list-the-changes above (best case) or the separate commit messages (worst case).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 97.21%. Comparing base (3390762) to head (b1f86bb).
Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1257      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.23%   97.21%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         155      156       +1     
  Lines       14282    14674     +392     
==========================================
+ Hits        13887    14266     +379     
- Misses        395      408      +13     

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[HenrZu]

A test of the generation package is still failing and will therefore be skipped for now. Moved to Issue #1261.

[reneSchm]

I think the warnings on the death tests should be fixed, but otherwise this looks like a fair solution.