Pascal for C users

Note: Logical operators (AND/OR/XOR etc) are logical or boolean depending on the type of the arguments (boolean or integer). Since Pascal had a separate boolean type from the start, boolean operators on integers were not necessary, and are always logical.

C	Pascal	Notes
{	Begin
}	End
=	:=	Becomes
==	=	Equal
/	/	Float Division (Integer: div)
%	Mod	Modulo operation
!	Not	Logical not
!=	<>	Not equal
&&	And	Logical and
|	Or	Logical or
&	And	Bitwise and
|	Or	Bitwise or
^	Xor	Exclusive or
~	Not	One's complement
>>	Shr	bit shift right Note: shr is a logical bitshift, not arithmetic. If the left operand is a negative value of a signed type, then the result of an shr operation may not be what you expect.
<<	Shl	bit shift left
++	Inc
--	Dec
/*	{ or (*	Comment start
*/	} or *)	Comment end
//	//	End of line comment (only one line comment)
0x	$	prefix for hex-number e.g. $FFFFFF
0	&	prefix for oct-number e.g. &77777777
0b	%	prefix for bin-number e.g. %11111111
&	@	address operator
*	^	See Pointer and Pointers
?	IfThen	Ternary operator. see Math (min = (a < b) ? a : b)
if()	If Then
if() else	If Then Else
while	While Do
do while	Repeat Until Not
do while !	Repeat Until
for ++	For To Do
for --	For Downto Do
switch case break	Case Of End
switch case break default	Case Of Else End
const a_c_struct *arg	Constref arg : a_c_struct
a_c_struct *arg	Var arg : a_c_struct

C type	Pascal type	Size (bits)	Range	Notes
char	Char	8-bit		ASCII
signed char	Shortint	8-bit	-128 .. 127
unsigned char	Byte	8-bit	0 .. 255
char*	PChar	(32-bit)		Pointer to a null-terminated string
short int	Smallint	16-bit	-32768 .. 32767
unsigned short int	Word	16-bit	0 .. 65535
int	Integer	(16-bit or) 32-bit	-2147483648..2147483647	Generic integer types
unsigned int	Cardinal	(16-bit or) 32-bit	0 .. 4294967295	Generic integer types
long int	Longint	32-bit	-2147483648..2147483647
unsigned long int	Longword	32-bit	0 .. 4294967295
float	Single	32-bit	1.5E-45 .. 3.4E+38
double	Double	64-bit	5.0E-324 .. 1.7E+308
unsigned long long	QWord	64-bit	0 .. 18446744073709551615

C type	Pascal	Notes
struct { }	Record End
union { }	Record Case Of End	Variant Record

C	Pascal	Unit
abs	Abs	System
acos	ArcCos	Math
asin	ArcSin	Math
atan	ArcTan	System
atof	StrToFloat	SysUtils
atoi	StrToInt	SysUtils
atol	StrToInt	SysUtils
atoll	StrToInt64	SysUtils
ceil	Ceil	Math
cos	Cos	System
exp	Exp	System
floor	Floor	Math
pow	Power	Math
round	Round	System
sin	Sin	System
sqrt	Sqrt	System
strcpy	Copy	System
strlen	Length	System
tan	Tan	Math
toupper	UpCase	System

Assignment Operators

Operator C	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	C = A + B is equivalent to pascal C:= A + B
+=	Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand.	C += A is equivalent to pascal C:= C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C -= A is equivalent to pascal C := C - A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C *= A is equivalent to pascal C := C * A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C /= A is equivalent to pascal C := C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.	C %= A is equivalent to pascal C := C mod A
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.	C &= 2 is equivalent to pascal C := C and 2
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.	C ^= 2 is equivalent to pascal C := C or not 2
|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.	C |= 2 is equivalent to pascal C := C or 2

note: in free pascal you may not convert the following operators (+= , -= , *= , /=)

Escape sequences in C

Escape sequence	Hex value in ASCII	Character represented
?	3F	Question mark (used to avoid trigraphs)
'	27	Apostrophe or single quotation mark
"	22	Double quotation mark
\	5C	Backslash
\a	07	Alert (Beep, Bell) (added in C89)
\b	08	Backspace
\e	1B	Escape character
\f	0C	Formfeed Page Break
\n	0A	Newline (Line Feed); see notes below
\nnn	any	The byte whose numerical value is given by nnn interpreted as an octal number
\r	0D	Carriage Return
\t	09	Horizontal Tab
\uhhhh	none	Unicode code point below 10000 hexadecimal (added in C99)[1]: 26
\Uhhhhhhhh	none	Unicode code point where h is a hexadecimal digit
\v	0B	Vertical Tab
\xhh…	any	The byte whose numerical value is given by hh… interpreted as a hexadecimal number

C++

C++ type	Pascal	Notes
class { }	Class End
class: { }	Class( ) End
template <class T> class { }	Generic = Class<T> End
struct { }	Object End	If you want methods